Mammogram Screening for First-Time Patients

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A mammogram is one of the most effective tools for the early detection of breast cancer, and if cancer is found, early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment.

By taking the time for a mammogram, you are taking a proactive step in your health and protecting yourself and your family from a more serious diagnosis and treatment.

Being well-informed about what to expect before your mammogram appointment will help make it a seamless experience, ease your anxieties, and help you be as comfortable as possible.

Here's everything you need to know before your first mammogram.

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How to Prepare for Your First Mammogram

Your doctor or imaging center will have the best advice on when and where to schedule your mammogram, what you need to bring, and how to prepare on the day of the appointment. Preparing for your first mammogram can feel overwhelming, but a few simple steps can make the process easier.

Pick timing intentionally: If you menstruate, schedule about a week after your period, when breasts are usually less tender.
Skip products that day: Do not use deodorant, antiperspirant, lotions, creams, or powders on the chest/underarms. Some products contain substances that can interfere with results.
Wear a two-piece outfit: You’ll remove your top and bra for the exam.
Bring prior imaging: If you’ve had mammograms elsewhere, share the images/reports so the radiologist can compare.
Tell your team about symptoms: Mention any new breast changes, pain, or concerns when you arrive.
If at higher risk: Ask your clinician whether additional views or MRI are recommended for your first visit.

What to Expect at Your First Mammogram

Your first mammogram can feel unfamiliar, but knowing the steps ahead of time makes the experience much easier. A mammogram usually takes about 15–20 minutes, with each image lasting only a few seconds.

Here’s what to expect when you arrive:

Check-in and change: You’ll change into a gown and remove clothing from the waist up.
Positioning: A technologist helps position each breast on the imaging plate.
Quick compression: The breast is gently compressed for a few seconds so the image is clear. This part can feel uncomfortable but should not last long.
Multiple views: Each breast is imaged from a few angles, especially during a first mammogram, so the radiologist has a complete baseline.
Results process: Images are reviewed by a radiologist and sent to your clinician, who will share the results and next steps.

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What to Expect After Your Mammogram Appointment

Results: Most people receive results within a few weeks. Ask your health care team when and how you can expect to get your results, and if a doctor will review them with you.

Next steps:

If results are normal, you'll schedule your next mammogram, usually in the next 1-2 years, depending on your doctor's recommendations.
If images aren't clear or show an abnormality, your doctor may recommend more tests.

Important to know:

An abnormal result does not always mean cancer.
Fewer than 1 in 10 people who get called back for more tests are diagnosed with cancer.
Callbacks are more common after a first mammogram or before menopause because there are no prior images to compare.

How Often Do I Need a Mammogram?

How often you need a screening depends on your risk level:

Average risk: Most providers recommend annual mammograms starting at age 40, though some may suggest every other year.
High risk: If you have a strong family history, known genetic mutations (like BRCA1 or BRCA2), prior chest radiation, or certain breast conditions, you may need to start screening earlier and more often.

See Screening Guidelines →

Additional Imaging

If you have dense breast tissue, a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, have received abnormal mammogram results previously, or have a known genetic risk, your doctor may recommend:

Breast MRI for a more detailed image
Ultrasound to evaluate specific areas
3D mammography or Tomosynthesis for clearer images in dense tissue

What Type of Doctor Should I See for My Mammogram?

Your primary care physician or gynecologist can help you schedule a mammogram or refer you to a specialist. A radiologist is typically the medical professional who will perform and read the mammogram, but your primary care doctor or gynecologist will be the one to discuss the results with you.

Not Sure Where to Start?

If you're turning 40 or may need to start screening earlier, talk with your doctor who can coordinate your plan.

Schedule Breast Imaging → Schedule with Primary Care → Schedule with an OB-GYN Genetic Counseling & Testing →

Frequently Asked Questions

When should I start getting mammograms?

Most women should begin annual mammograms at age 40. However, those with a higher risk for breast cancer, such as family history or genetic mutations, may need to start earlier. Your clinician can help set the right schedule.

How often should I get a mammogram after 40?

For most people, a yearly screening is recommended starting at age 40. Some women may choose every other year, depending on health history and doctor's recommendations.

What is the difference between a screening mammogram and a diagnostic mammogram?

A screening mammogram is routine, for women with no symptoms. A diagnostic mammogram is ordered when there’s a specific concern, such as a lump or pain.

Are mammograms safe?

Yes. Mammograms use a very low dose of radiation — about the same as a few weeks of natural background exposure. The benefits of early detection far outweigh the risks.

Will a mammogram hurt?

You may feel brief pressure during compression, but it only lasts a few seconds. If you’re uncomfortable, tell your technologist — they can adjust positioning.

What if I have dense breast tissue?

Dense tissue can make mammograms harder to read. Your provider may recommend 3D mammography (tomosynthesis) or a breast MRI for clearer imaging.

What if my mammogram shows an abnormal result?

Don’t panic, most abnormal results are not cancer. You may need additional imaging such as diagnostic mammography, ultrasound, or MRI for clarification.

How long does a mammogram take?

The appointment usually takes 15–20 minutes, with the actual X-ray taking no more than 30 seconds. Results are typically available within a few days.

Can I get a mammogram if I have breast implants?

Yes. Mammograms are safe for women with implants. Be sure to let the technologist know so they can take special imaging views.

How should I prepare for my first mammogram?

Avoid wearing deodorant, lotion, or powder on your chest or underarms on the day of your exam. Schedule your appointment about a week after your period for maximum comfort.

Does insurance cover mammograms?

Most insurance plans, including Medicare, cover annual screening mammograms starting at age 40. Check with your provider for details.

What if I don’t have insurance?

Many CHRISTUS facilities and community programs offer low-cost or free mammograms for those who qualify. Call your local CHRISTUS breast imaging center for assistance.

Health Screenings in Your 30s and 40s

Your 30s and 40s are the perfect time to update your preventive care, so ask your clinician about mammograms, breast exams, cervical screenings, and essential checks for blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes. Don't forget to also review recommended vaccinations, including flu and COVID-19, to keep your health on track.

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